Tuesday, June 11, 2019

Fugitive Tolling After Returning to US Without Permission


US v. De Leon-Ramirez: De Leon-Ramirez, a native of Guatemala, was returned there in 2006 after serving a sentence for counterfeiting. In 2007 he was arrested in Virginia following an argument in a store. Upon arrest De Leon-Ramirez gave police a different name. Police ran his fingerprints and found connections to two other different names. De Leon-Ramirez was released on bond, but failed to appear for subsequent proceedings and a state arrest warrant was issued (and a bounty hunter took the case). Nine years later, in 2016, De Leon-Ramirez was arrested on unrelated charges, which attracted the attention of immigration officials. De Leon-Ramirez was charged with illegal reentry. He moved to dismiss the charges because the five-year statute of limitations had lapsed. Concluding that officials knew De Leon-Ramirez had returned to the US in 2007, the court nonetheless concluded that he fled from justice, tolling the running of the statute of limitations. De Leon-Ramirez entered a conditional guilty plea and was sentenced to 21 months in prison.

The Fourth Circuit affirmed the conviction. After concluding that the unorthodox way in which the district court reviewed the recommendations of the magistrate judge who heard the motion to dismiss was acceptable, but not recommended, the court assumed without deciding that the statute of limitations began to run in this case in 2007. Fugitive tolling requires proof that the defendant “concealed himself with the intent to avoid prosecution.” The court found that standard met (or at least not found to be clearly erroneous) because De Leon-Ramirez used an alias to “withhold his true identity from law enforcement” when arrested in 2007 and that he failed to appear for subsequent state court hearings.

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